Architecture

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UniBot uses a NoneBot2 event-driven architecture, with the core framework separated from the extension system, keeping responsibilities clear.

Overall Architecture

nonebot2 core# Asynchronous event-driven framework

nonebot-adapter-minecraft# Minecraft WebSocket communication

nonebot-plugin-alconna# Cross-platform command parsing

nonebot-plugin-uninfo# Unified session info

Plugins

Scripts

Extensions# Extension packages (local / marketplace)

WebUi# Vue 3 admin panel frontend

The bot is based on NoneBot2's event-driven model. Plugins/Events.py acts as the event processing hub: it receives server events from the MC adapter (player join/leave, chat, death, etc.) and dispatches them to the corresponding sync logic.

Manager Singletons

All managers use the singleton pattern, instantiated at the bottom of their files and exported uniformly through Scripts/Managers/__init__.py:

data_manager: data persistence (players, servers, user data)
server_manager: server connection management
plugin_manager: plugin management
version_manager: version management
webui_manager: WebUI resource management
config_manager: configuration management

Dual-Entry Startup

Bot.py: initializes NoneBot, registers adapters, loads plugins, loads extensions, builds commands, mounts the WebUI, then runs.
Watchdog.py: a watchdog process that starts a Bot.py child process, monitors abnormal exits and restarts automatically, while also handling WebUI restart requests and dependency sync.

Watchdog.py is recommended for daily use: the bot restarts automatically after an abnormal exit, and it can also handle WebUI restart requests.

Load Order

On startup, the bot completes initialization in the following order:

Initialize the config manager and register each platform's adapters.
Load NoneBot plugins (generic ecosystem plugins).
Load extensions: discover, validate, topologically sort, import and bind, register capabilities.
Build commands: uniformly validate and build all command matchers (built-in + extensions).
Run the NoneBot main loop.

Command building must be submitted in one pass after all command declarations are complete; if any command's definition, arguments, or handler fail validation, no partial matchers may be registered.

Extension System

The extension system is UniBot's native capability framework, strictly separated from the NoneBot plugin system. Extensions have full access to internal capabilities (config, managers, rendering, and messaging utilities) and expose commands, services, rendering engines, templates, and resources to the framework through declarative registration. See Extension System.

UniBot fully preserves the NoneBot2 ecosystem at its core: ready-made plugins from the NB Plugin Store integrate seamlessly and work alongside native extensions.

Core components:

Loader: scans the Extensions/ directory, parses manifests, builds the dependency graph and topologically sorts it, then imports and binds extension instances.
ExtensionManager: the extension registry and state management (enabled / disabled / blocked / failed).
CommandManager: collects command definitions uniformly, validates them, and builds Alconna matchers.
ServiceRegistry: service registration and retrieval.
RendererManager: the unified orchestration entry for rendering engines, templates, and resources.

Image Rendering

The rendering system consists of three orthogonal layers: the rendering engine (renders pages into images), templates (provide layout), and resources (provide static materials). RendererManager is the sole orchestration entry, completing the full pipeline of "select template → inject config and resource functions → render the page → delegate to the rendering engine for the final image". See Extension System.

Data Persistence

Player, server, and user data is stored under the Data/ directory in JSON format, managed through data_manager, UTF-8 encoded.

Security Design

JWT authentication: access_token (2h) and refresh_token (7d) are delivered via HttpOnly Cookies.
get_current_user reads the Cookie first, falling back to the Authorization: Bearer Header.
WebSocket authentication is carried automatically via Cookie.
The frontend fetch enables credentials: 'include'.